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Irrigation
Irrigation involves the purchasing of irrigation equipment i.e. side-roll, water cannon, center pivot or hand sets, the expense of a soil study to determine effective treatment methods, and working to gain landowner approval and negotiate damage settlements. This is an expensive treatment option with a large capital outlay, but it works well on sandy soils. However, the majority of the Powder River Basin is underlain by clay soils. This is problematic because clays swell when water is applied thus reducing or eliminating infiltration of the water.
Atomization is the poor-man's form of irrigation utilizing a tall pipe topped by fine-particle spray nozzle for water dispersal. High evaporation rates are the goal of this method, but this means a higher concentration of salts will reach the ground, requiring more soil treatment. Currently, no NPDES permit is required for this method.